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Le bâillement, du réflexe à la pathologie
Le bâillement : de l'éthologie à la médecine clinique
Le bâillement : phylogenèse, éthologie, nosogénie
 Le bâillement : un comportement universel
La parakinésie brachiale oscitante
Yawning: its cycle, its role
Warum gähnen wir ?
 
Fetal yawning assessed by 3D and 4D sonography
Le bâillement foetal
Le bâillement, du réflexe à la pathologie
Le bâillement : de l'éthologie à la médecine clinique
Le bâillement : phylogenèse, éthologie, nosogénie
 Le bâillement : un comportement universel
La parakinésie brachiale oscitante
Yawning: its cycle, its role
Warum gähnen wir ?
 
Fetal yawning assessed by 3D and 4D sonography
Le bâillement foetal
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23 mai 2010
Sustained Manual Loading of the Fascial System Can Evoke Tonic Reactions: Preliminary Results
Luiz Fernando Bertolucci
Associação Brasileira de Rolfing, São Paulo, Brazil 
Elisa Harumi Kozasa
Universidade Nove de Julho/ Depto. de Psicobiologia
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
 
 
Sustained Manual Loading of the Fascial System Can Evoke Tonic Reactions: Preliminary Results
International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork
2010;3(1):12-14.
 
Muscle Repositioning: Combining Subjective and Objective Feedbacks in the Teaching and Practice of a Reflex- Based Myofascial Release Technique
International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork
2010;3(1):26-35.

Chat-logomini

INTRODUCTION: The physiological mechanisms influenced or activated by manual therapies are poorly understood and consequently most approaches lack objectivity both in diagnosis and treatment. However, a myofascial release technique called Muscle Repositioning ("MR") appears to evoke specific and detectable mechanical and neural reactions. A previously published study sets forth the recorded increase in tonic activity of the cervical erectors during MR maneuvers in the occipital region [1]. This study investigated possible increases in tonic muscular activity during an MR maneuver in the thoracic region.
 
METHODS: Fourteen healthy adults aged 34.21±10.24 yrs had their right cervical and lumbar erectors monitored by surface electromyography. (Nexus 10, Mind Media B.V., Netherlands). From a side-lying position, each subject received two MR maneuvers administered to the right side of the thorax from an experienced practitioner (fig). The maneuvers delivered a particular set of forces, which characteristically produce a visually evident integration of body segments, causing them to appear unified as a single block when manually vibrated (see videos at www.musclerepositioning.blogspot.com). Each maneuver continued until the practitioner felt a tissue release (a tactually perceptible sliding of internal soft parts relative to one another). The duration of the maneuvers were registered.
 
RESULTS: The first maneuver lasted 14.75±5.22 min, and the second 7.63±3.35 min. Thirteen subjects showed increased cervical erector activity, 11 during both maneuvers and 2 during only the second maneuver. Such activity was more pronounced and ensued more quickly during the second maneuver. Seven subjects also showed increased lumbar activity, which in six of them was synchronous with the increased cervical activity. Characteristically, the muscular reactions became progressively stronger, as did the degree of apparent segmental integration. Both the muscular reactions and the segmental integration often peaked at or near the conclusion of the maneuver -i.e., upon tissue release - and dropped thereafter.
 
bertolluci
 
DISCUSSION:
Manually induced tonic reactions
These observations support the possibility that specific and sustained manual input can systematically evoke tonic reflexes; which synchronicity between lumbar and cervical reactions show their systemic feature. The greater responsiveness of the cervical region, as compared to the lumbar segment, may be related to a richer proprioceptive innervation of the former. The smaller latency and larger EMG responses in the second maneuver suggest that the first one should have enhanced the sensitivity of the circuits involved to a lower threshold. It is believed that the manual forces applied tense the fascial system, stimulating afferences that produce such reflexes, which seem to further tense the fascias, evoking an even stronger muscle reaction, in a positive feedback loop, which advances up to the point of tissue release. The physiologic significance of these recorded phenomena remains unknown, but taken together with observations from MR clinical practice, they are reminiscent of pandiculation.
 
Pandiculation-like reflexes?
Pandiculation, which includes yawning, is the instinctual soft tissue stretching almost ubiquitous in animals, believed to underlie neuromusculoskeletal development and maintenance [2]. During pandiculation, a progressive and involuntary tonic activity gradually unites bodily segments in a block, up to an acme, when soft tissues are vigorously stretched (pandiculare in latin means stretch). Curiously, a similar progressive involuntary tonic action, up to an acme (tissue release, in this case) is observed during MR maneuvers, suggesting a connection between these phenomena. Moreover, the subjective experiences of the subjects were reported as being similar to pandiculation. 
 
A reflex-based myofascial release technique?
Taken together, these facts suggest that MR may be considered a blend of myofascial release with a sort of "assisted pandiculation". Therefore, the forces available for tissue release may be the sum of the therapist's manual input with the client's self-generated forces of the tonic pandiculation-like reflexes. Such feature could account for a high level of clinical efficacy in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. If so, as the outcomes of MR clinical practice also suggest, MR would have therapeutic utility. Moreover, the ability to monitor physiological responses in real time may bring objectivity to MR and possibly also to other manual techniques.
 
Martial arts, yoga and pandiculation: further reflections about health maintenance
During MR practice, bodily segments manually united into a block produce a characteristic and palpable firmness of the client's body. Both aspects (linking of body segments and firmness) resemble features cultivated in some Eastern disciplines, as in styles of Chi-Kun and Yoga. Moreover, similarly to pandiculation, they are believed to stimulate physiological self-maintenance mechanisms, besides advocating specific attentional states that evoke spontaneous motor expressions. Taken together, these facts suggest connections among Eastern disciplines, MR and pandiculation. The latter, still poorly understood in its physiological significance, may be an overlooked mechanism in health maintenance.
 
 
1.Bertolucci, L F: Muscle Repositioning: "A new verifiable approach to neuro-myofascial release?" Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 12: 213&endash;224, 2008.
 
2.Walusinski, O: Yawning: Unsuspected avenue for a better understanding of arousal and interoception. Med Hypotheses, 67: 6-14, 2006.