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mardi 1 décembre 2009
la lettre d'information du site baillement.com N°84
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Does eye contact induce
contagious yawning ?
Atsushi Senju, Yukiko Kikuchi,
Hironori Akechi, et al.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2009;39(11):1598-602
 
Contagious and spontaneous
yawning in autistic and
typically developing children
Fiorenza Giganti, Maria Esposito Ziello
Current Psychology Letter
2009;25(1)
 
Absence of contagious yawning in chiildren with autism spectrum disorder
Senju A, Maeda M, Kikuchi Y,
Hasegawa T, Tojo Y, Osanai H
Biology Letters
2007;3:706-708
 
From emotion resonance to empathic understanding: a social developmental neuroscience account
Decety J, Meyer M
Dev Psychopathol
2008;20(4):1053-1080
 
A review of recent reports on autism: 1000 studies published in 2007
Hughes JR
Epilepsy Behav
2008;13(3):425-437
 
Absence of Embodied Empathy During Pain Observation in Asperger Syndrome
Minio-Paluello I, Baron-Cohen S,
Avenanti A, Walsh V, Aglioti SM
Biological Psychiatry
2009;65(1):55-62

By wich mechanism the lack of contagious yawning by autists ?
The mystery lives.
 
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) reportedly fail to show contagious yawning, but the mechanism underlying the lack of contagious yawning is still unclear. The current study examined whether instructed fixation on the eyes modulates contagious yawning in ASD.
 
Thirty-one children with ASD, as well as 31 age-matched typically developing (TD) children, observed video clips of either yawning or control mouth movements. Participants were instructed to fixate to the eyes of the face stimuli.
 
Following instructed fixation on the eyes, both TD children and children with ASD yawned equally frequently in response to yawning stimuli. Current results suggest that contagious yawning could occur in ASD under an experimental condition in which they are instructed to fixate on the yawning eyes.
 
yawning_autism
 
Par quel mécanisme les autistes sont-ils moins sensibles à la réplication du bâillement ?
Le mystère demeure.
 
Les personnes atteintes d'autisme sont réputées être peu sensibles à la réplication ou échokinésie du bâillement. Pourtant, l'explication physiopathologique demeure controversée. Cette étude a comparé 31 malades autistes à 31 sujets témoins sains apparentés en âge.
 
Ils devaient tous fixer leur attention précisément sur le regard de personnages de clips vidéos qui bâillaient ou avaient des mouvements ordinaires de la bouche, comme état témoin. Dans ces conditions expérimentales précises de fixation du regard, il n'a pas été noté de différence entre les deux groupes; les enfants autistes se sont révélés sensibles aux bâillements observés de la même façon que les enfants sains.

A non-rigid motion estimation
algorithm for yawn
detection in human drivers
Mohanty, M, Mishra, A, Routray, A.
Int J Computational Vision and Robotics
2009;1(1):89-109
 
 
Hypovigilance analysis:
open or closed eye or mouth?
Blinking or yawning frequency?
Benoit A. Caplier A.  
Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance
AVSS 2005:207-212
 
Yawning detection for determining driver drowsiness
Tiesheng Wang Pengfei Shi
Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Workshop 2005:373-376
 
Hidden markov model based dynamic facial action recognition
Arsic, D. Schenk, J. Schuller, B.
Wallhoff, F. Rigoll, G.
Image Processing
IEEE 2006: 673-676
 
A graphic method of recording the act of yawning and other forms of movement of the mouth
Iu. N. Bordiushkov
Biull Eksp Biol Med
1958;46(7):885-887
 

An algorithm for yawn detection in human drivers
 
This work focuses on the estimation of possible fatigue or drowsiness by detecting the occurrence of yawns with human drivers. An image processing technique has been proposed to analyse the deformation occurring on driver's face and accurately identify the yawn from other types of mouth opening such as talking and singing. The algorithm quantifies the degree of deformation on lips when a driver yawns.
 
The image processing methodology is based on study of non-rigid motion patterns on 2D images. The analysis is done on a temporal sequence of images acquired by a camera. A shape-based correspondence of templates on contours of a particular region is established on the basis of curvature information. The shape similarity between the contours is analysed, after decomposing with wavelets at different levels.
 
Finally, the yawn is correlated with fatigue-induced behaviour of drivers on simulation.
 
face
 
Détecter les bâillements du chauffeur
 
Cette équipe de recherche indienne essaie de mettre au point un détecteur de bâillements qui pourrait réduire le nombre d'accidents de la route causés par la somnolence d'un conducteur au volant.
 
En cours d'élaboration, cette technologie indo-américaine est intégrée à l'intérieur de l'automobile, comme l'ont indiqué les concepteurs, dont les travaux sont publiés dans The International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics.. Le nouveau système est constitué d'une caméra et d'un logiciel qui analyse instantanément les images du visage, captées à intervalles réguliers. En plus d'analyser les modifications du visage du chauffeur, l'appareil distingue les bâillements des autres mouvements faciaux, comme les actions de sourire, de discuter ou de chanter.
 
À partir du moment où le conducteur bâille, le logiciel se met à calculer la fréquence des bâillements. Si ces derniers se répètent trop souvent, un signal d'avertissement est déclenché. Aux États-Unis seulement, 100 000 accidents de la route sont causés, chaque année, par la fatigue d'un conducteur, selon la National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
 
De l'électrode à la lentille : au cours des dernières années, d'autres systèmes de détection de fatigue ont été mis au point. Ceux-ci enregistraient notamment l'activité du cerveau ou les pulsations cardiaques. Les inventeurs du détecteur de bâillements soutiennent que leur système de caméra est moins encombrant que ces appareils, souvent munis d'un casque chargé d'électrodes devant être porté par le conducteur.
 
En général, les conducteurs ont tendance à sous-estimer leur fatigue et les conséquences de celle-ci sur leur disposition à conduire un véhicule. En revanche, ils surestiment leur capacité à combattre le sommeil qui s'empare d'eux.

Déjà en 1655
 
La physionomie humaine
Iean Baptiste Porta Neapolitain


Judge sentences man to 6 months in jail for yawning
 
By Steve Schmadeke
Copyright © 2009, Chicago Tribune
August 10, 2009
 
Clifton Williams arrived at the Will County Courthouse in Joliet and sat in the fourth-floor courtroom where his cousin was pleading guilty to a felony drug charge.
 
As Circuit Judge Daniel Rozak handed down the cousin's sentence -- 2 years' probation -- Williams, 33, stretched and let out a very ill-timed yawn.
 
Williams' sentence? Six months in jail -- the maximum penalty for criminal contempt without a jury trial. The Richton Park man was locked up July 23 and will serve at least 21 days.
 
"I was flabbergasted because I didn't realize a judge could do that," said Williams' father, Clifton Williams Sr. "It seems to me like a yawn is an involuntary action."
 
Chuck Pelkie, a spokesman for the state's attorney's office, said the prosecutor in the courtroom that day told him that "it was not a simple yawn -- it was a loud and boisterous attempt to disrupt the proceedings."
 
Jason Mayfield, the cousin of Williams who was pleading guilty at the time, said it was "not an outrageous yawn."
 
A Tribune review of a decade's worth of contempt-of-court charges reveals that Rozak jails people -- typically spectators whose cell phones go off or who scream or shout profanity during sentencing -- at a far higher rate than any other judge in the county. There are now 30 judges in the 12th Judicial Circuit, but since 1999, Rozak has brought more than a third of all the contempt charges, records show.
 
And while it is not uncommon for judges to jail people for ignoring subpoenas or court orders or appearing in court drunk or under the influence of drugs, Rozak's charges tend to involve behavior that would not otherwise be criminal.
 
Judges have broad discretion under the law, which defines contempt as acts that embarrass, hinder or obstruct the court in its administration of justice or lessen its authority or dignity. As long as the sentence is not longer than 6 months, there is no review of the case -- unless the offender appeals to the judge or a higher court.
 
"We want judges to be able to manage the courtroom ... but we have some concern that when the contempt is personal, judges might react too harshly," said University of Chicago law professor Adam Samaha. "Contempt that happens right in the judge's face is likely to trigger an emotional reaction."
 
Observers describe Rozak as running the type of strict courtroom that was common a few decades ago. Defense attorneys say Rozak is "tough but fair" and runs particularly well-managed trials. Rozak has been elected in 2000 and 2006, both times with recommendations from the state bar association.
 
"I think he's terrific -- he understands how the world works," said Joliet defense attorney David Carlson. "Some of the most serious felonies we have are handled in his courtroom, so I think there should be a level of seriousness and decorum."
 
So far this year, five criminal contempt charges have been brought by Will County judges. Four of them were brought by Rozak, including the case of Derrick Lee, a Joliet man who "resisted" sitting where sheriff's deputies directed him, talked in a "very loud" voice during court and referred to Rozak as "boss," according to the judge's contempt order. Lee, who also was wanted on an outstanding warrant, was sentenced to 30 days but was released two days later after apologizing.
 
Chief Judge Gerald Kinney said he couldn't comment on the propriety of Williams' case, but said he would have liked a more detailed order from Rozak in imposing the maximum penalty. He was not aware that Rozak brings a high percentage of contempt charges and said he has not received a significant number of complaints about the judge.
 
Rozak could not be reached for comment.
 
Rozak's order sentencing Williams to 6 months in jail found that he "raised his hands while at the same time making a loud yawning sound" that caused the judge to "break from the proceedings."
 
"I really can't believe I'm in jail," Williams wrote his family in a letter. "I done set (sic) in this [expletive] a week so far for nothing."
 
People in other Will County courtrooms have received less severe sentences for seemingly more flagrant offenses. In Judge Richard Schoenstedt's court last year, a woman was disruptive during closing arguments of a trial; shouted, "This is bull ..." as she was led away; was held to the floor by a deputy; and "continued to be disruptive" after later being brought back before the judge. She received a 7-day sentence for contempt, records show.
 
Rozak has sentenced more spectators to jail for infractions involving cell phones than any other judge in Will County in the last decade. In 2003, a man who called the judge an "ass" after Rozak ordered him to turn over the phone when it rang in court was sentenced to 10 days but did just 24 hours after apologizing to the judge.
 
Three years later, a man twice refused to turn over his ringing cell phone to a deputy and then, his phone ringing before the bench, refused to hand it to Rozak. He also received a 6-month sentence, but it was reduced to 18 days after the man apologized, records show.
 
In the two-story brick home where Williams had been living with his aunt Cheryl Mayfield and caring for his 79-year-old grandmother, family members said they were in shock over the sentence but were unable to afford an attorney to appeal.
 
"This is ridiculous -- you've got all these people shooting up kids, and here this boy yawns in court [and gets 6 months]. It's crazy," she said. "This could happen to any one of us."
 
Six mois de prison pour avoir bâillé !
 
Clifton Williams, 33 ans, a écopé de six mois de prison pour outrage au tribunal. Qu'a-t-il fait pour soulever l'ire de Daniel Rozak, un juge de l'Illinois? Il se serait étiré tout en faisant entendre un bâillement sonore pendant que son cousin plaidait coupable pour une affaire de drogue. Le père de Clifton Williams témoigne: «J'ai été stupéfait parce que je ne savais pas qu'un juge pouvait faire ça. Il me semble que le bâillement est un acte involontaire.»
 
Depuis 1999, le juge Rozak est responsable, à lui seul, du tiers des accusations pour outrage, portées par les quelques 30 magistrats du palais de justice du comté de Will, à Joliet.

ficy_logo

My Dear,
 
It is our great pleasure to announce the "First International Conference on Yawning" to be held in Paris, France, Juni 24-25, 2010.  
 
The FICY 2010 will provide a forum for in-depth assessment of the challenges involved in the dynamic and fast moving field of research and conjectures on this intriguing behavior : yawning. Over 15 leading experts from 7 countries around the world have already confirmed they will be participating. FICY will bring together clinicians, researchers, ethologists, pharmacologists and other allied professionals to discuss and present the latest important developments in the field.
 
To view the preliminary timetable
 
This day, no sponsor agree to support the organization of FICY. Thus, we need that all interested participants register for these two days meeting. We need that you invite your colleagues and promote this conference around, especially by way of knowledge societies'letters, if you can.
 
We look forward to your participation in this outstanding conference !
 
REGISTER OPEN
Chère amie, cher ami,
 
Nous avons le grand plaisir de vous annoncer que la "Première Conférence Internationale sur le Bâillement" aura lieu à Paris les 24 & 25 juin 2010.
 
Cette conférence sera l'occasion d'une présentation des derniers développements de la recherche et des hypothèses ou théories concernant ce comportement mystérieux qu'est le bâillement. Des experts, une quinzaine, provenant de 7 pays différents des 5 continents, ont d'ores et déjà acceptés d'animer ces deux journées. Seront réunis des cliniciens de toutes disciplines, des chercheurs, des éthologues, des pharmacologues et d'autres professionnels de disciplines satellites qui discuteront et présenteront leurs travaux personnels les plus récents.
 
Voir le programme préliminaire
 
A ce jour, l'organisation de cette conférence ne bénéfice d'aucun sponsor. Ce sont donc les droits d'inscription de chacun qui permettront de couvrir les frais. Votre inscription sera donc indispensable. Mais nous avons aussi besoin que vous assuriez la promotion de cette conférence autour de vous, que vous en informiez vos collègues et amis, et, si vous en avez la possibilité, d'user du canal des sociétés savantes auxquelles vous appartenez pour diffuser la tenue de cette réunion originale et inédite.
 
Nous comptons sur votre participation et votre aide !
 
Les inscriptions sont ouvertes

Dessin de Bernard Rivoal

marqueurs



 
François BAYLE
1662 - 1709 
 
F. Bayle gave a description of the calcifications and plaques seen in the cerebral arteries. The occurence of artherosclerosis of blood vessels had been recognized as early da Vinci, but F. Bayle was among the first to relate it to apoplexy in his "Tractus de apolpexia" publised in 1677, attending in this book with other "Dssertationes".
 
In "Problemata Physica et Medica in Quibus varii veterum & recentiorum errores detegentur" F. Bayle appears the first to explain why we lose some of our hearing during the yawn.
 
François Bayle est le premier à avoir envisagé un lien entre les plaques calcifiées des troncs artériels et l'apoplexie, bien que ces lésions d'athérosclérose aient déjà été décrites par Leonard de Vinci.
 
Le livre ci-contre comprend ce chapitre: "Tractus de apolpexia" publié en 1677.
 
Il contient également un chapitre "Problemata Physica et Medica in Quibus varii veterum & recentiorum errores detegentur" dans lequel F. Bayle décrit la perte auditive contemporaine du bâillement et en rapporte la cause à l'ouverture de la Trompe d'Eustache, décrite en 1552 par Bartolomeo Eustachi.

Quare oscitantes minus audiunt
 
francois bayle
bayle

Le bâillement, du réflexe à la pathologie Le bâillement : de l'éthologie à la médecine clinique Le bâillement : phylogenèse, éthologie, nosogénie  Le bâillement : un comportement universel La parakinésie brachiale oscitante Yawning: its cycle, its role Warum gähnen wir ?   Fetal yawning assessed by 3D and 4D sonography Le bâillement foetal Le bâillement, du réflexe à la pathologie Le bâillement : de l'éthologie à la médecine clinique Le bâillement : phylogenèse, éthologie, nosogénie  Le bâillement : un comportement universel La parakinésie brachiale oscitante Yawning: its cycle, its role Warum gähnen wir ?   Fetal yawning assessed by 3D and 4D sonography Le bâillement foetal http://www.baillement.com

Autres documents mis en ligne ce mois-ci :

Résultats du sondage
 au 1 décembre 2009
 
 
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Nombre de questionnaires remplis : 4101
Combien de fois bâillez-vous par jour ? <5 = 24%.. 5-10 = 24,3%.. 10-15 = 14,9%.. 15-20 = 10%.. >20 = 26,7%
Ressentez-vous des baillements excessifs ?
57,5% = non, tant mieux
33,3% = oui et je ne sais pas pouquoi
8,6% = oui et je prends des antidépresseurs
1,1% = oui et je prends des anti-épileptiques
5,7% = oui et je prends d'autres médicaments
2,6% = oui et j 'ai des troubles neurologiques
2,3% = oui et j 'ai des troubles hormonaux
1,7% = oui et j 'ai des tics moteurs
1,6% = oui et j 'ai des tocs
déclenchez-vous facilement le bâillement d'autrui ? 74,8%
êtes-vous sensible au bâillement d'autrui ? 70,6%
 
Georges Guillain
La Semaine des Hôpitaux
1949
 
In reality, the patients have not changed since JM. Charcot; it is the words to describe them that have changed.
 
A vrai dire, les malades n'ont pas changé depuis JM. Charcot, ce sont les mots pour décrire leurs cas qui ont changé.
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